Cutting-Edge biomaterials for next-Generation brain-Computer interfaces

The evolution of biomaterials is revolutionizing brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), facilitating seamless neural integration with superior signal fidelity, biocompatibility, and long-term stability. Emerging materials—including carbon nanomaterials, conductive polymers, and bioengineered hydrogels—mitigate inflammatory responses while optimizing electrode performance, paving the way for high-resolution, minimally invasive, and durable BCIs. These advancements expand the potential of BCIs in neuroprosthetics, cognitive augmentation, and the treatment of neurological disorders. Here, we explore novel biomaterials engineered for neural interfaces, including organic compounds, conductive polymers, bio-inspired and biohybrid materials, and living electrodes. Particular attention is given to carbon-based nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene, detailing their unique advantages and challenges in neural interfacing. Additionally, we examine advanced conductive polymers, with an emphasis on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), discussing its superiority over traditional materials and presenting recent innovations in PEDOT-based polymer composites. We will present our recent advancements in developing novel electrode materials such as PEDOT-based compounds. Furthermore, bio-inspired, hybrid, and living materials are introduced for their potential in advanced BCIs and high-performance biosensors. Finally, we outline the future trajectory of biomaterial innovations, emphasizing their transformative role in next-generation human-machine interfaces.

Shahab Ahmadi Seyedkhani is a distinguished researcher and Ph.D. candidate in the field of Nanotechnology at Sharif University of Technology. With over a decade of expertise in designing and fabricating nanomaterials for advanced biotechnology applications—including tissue engineering, drug delivery, wound healing and biosensors, his current research focuses on developing nanostructured brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). As an Iranian young scientist, he has published numerous peer-reviewed scientific papers and authored several academic books. His primary research interest lies in investigating nanoscale interactions between living systems and biomaterials, with a particular emphasis on enhancing tissue-electronic interfaces.